In the current outbreak, experts are still trying to understand whether this mode of transmission plays a major role. It is also possible to become infected from breathing in skin flakes or virus from clothing, bedding or towels. Cleaning your hands after touching objects that may be contaminated can help prevent this type of transmission. Someone else who touches these items may become infected if they have any cuts or abrasions or they accidentally touch their eyes, nose mouth or other mucous membranes. We are still learning about how long people with monkeypox are infectious for, but generally they are considered infectious until all of their sores have crusted over, the scabs have fallen off and a new layer of skin has formed underneath, and all the sores on the eyes and in the body (in the mouth, throat, eyes, vagina and anus) have healed too.Įnvironments can become contaminated with the monkeypox virus: for example, when an infectious person touches clothing, bedding, towels, objects, electronics and surfaces. Possible mechanisms of transmission through the air for monkeypox are not yet well understood and studies are underway to learn more. Close contact can mean being face-to-face (such as talking, breathing or singing close to one another which can generate droplets or short-range aerosols) skin-to-skin (such as touching or vaginal/anal sex) mouth-to-mouth (such as kissing) or mouth-to-skin contact (such as oral sex or kissing the skin). Monkeypox spreads from person-to-person through close contact with someone who has a monkeypox rash. This underscores the fact that monkeypox is a serious disease and that people should continue to do everything they can to protect themselves and others In the newly affected countries where the current outbreak is taking place, some deaths have been reported. These figures may be an overestimate because surveillance for monkeypox has generally been limited in the past. It is important to note that death rates in different settings may differ due to a number of factors, such as access to health care. In the past, between 1% to 10% of people with monkeypox have died. More recent complications include proctitis (sores and swelling inside the rectum that cause pain) and pain or difficulty when urinating. Based on what we know from previous monkeypox outbreaks, new-born babies, children and people with underlying immune deficiencies may be at higher risk of more serious symptoms and death from monkeypox.Ĭomplications from monkeypox include secondary skin infections, pneumonia, confusion, and eye problems. However, in some people, an infection can lead to medical complications and even death. In most cases, the symptoms of monkeypox go away on their own within a few weeks. People remain infectious until all of the sores have crusted over, the scabs have fallen off and a new layer of skin has formed underneath. Symptoms usually go away on their own or with supportive care, such as medication for pain or fever. There are ongoing studies to keep track of and better understand symptoms during this new outbreak, including what parts of the body can be affected and how long symptoms may last.Īnyone who has symptoms that could be monkeypox or who has been in contact with someone who has monkeypox should call or visit a health care provider and seek their advice. Sores on the skin begin flat, then fill with liquid before they crust over, dry up and fall off, with a fresh layer of skin forming underneath. The number of sores can range from one to several thousand. It may also be found in the mouth, throat, anus or vagina, or on the eyes. The rash can affect the face, palms of the hands, soles of the feet, groin, genital and/or anal regions. The most common symptoms of monkeypox identified during the 2022 outbreak include fever, headache, muscle aches, back pain, low energy and swollen lymph nodes, followed or accompanied by the development of a rash which may last for two to three weeks. Those typically at higher risk include people who are pregnant, children and persons that are immunocompromised. While some people have less severe symptoms, others may develop more serious illness and need care in a health facility. Monkeypox can cause a range of signs and symptoms.
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